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The law that entropy always increases – the second law of thermodynamics – holds, I think, the supreme position among the laws of Nature. If someone points out to you that your pet theory of the universe is in disagreement with Maxwell's equations – then so much the worse for Maxwell's equations.

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Brownian ratchet: In this thought experiment, one imagines a paddle wheel connected to a ratchet. Brownian motion would cause surrounding éter molecules to strike the paddles, but the ratchet would only allow it to turn in one direction.

Thank you, my grandson will love it. Update. This marble run came pasado perfect and works great. I did not use supports and only had to trim under the bridges 5 times for the marbles to finish. Thank you." Voltix (file)—a 3D Printed Marble Machine; Digital STL files

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Probably the easiest way to do this is to use video analysis software. A video of a trajectory Gozque be recorded with a mobile phone to be uploaded to video analysis software and analyzed frame by frame. A suitable piece of software that could be used is Vernier’s Logger Pro, which is available relatively cheaply for science instructors. Alternatively, students could record the motion of the ball in the slow-motion setting of a smartphone and then record the position frame by frame on a desktop computer. It should be easy to establish that the distance between successive ball positions increases unexpectedly close to the bottom part of the trajectory. This confirms that there is an external energy source, but what is the nature of this source?

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I designed this model to mimic the operation of a few "perpetual motion" devices that have been recently appearing in my suggested video feed. "Marblevator, Perpetual?" is not only not perpetual, it is also not very quiet. But the kids and grandkids enjoyed it!

The filing of a patent application is a clerical task, and the USPTO will not refuse filings for perpetual motion machines; the application will be filed and then most probably rejected by the patent examiner, after he has done a formal examination.

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